In the coconut grinding competition a group of n = 36 students took an average of
= 3 minutes with a sample standard deviation sx = 1 minute.

| Statistic or Parameter | Symbol | Equations | Excel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal Statistics | |||
| Calculate a z-statistic from an x | z | ![]() |
=(x - µ)/(sx/SQRT(n)) |
| Calculate a t-statistic (t-stat) | t | ![]() |
=(x - µ)/(sx/SQRT(n)) |
| Calculate an x from a z | =µ + zc*sx/sqrt(n) | ||
| Find a probability p from a z value | =NORMSDIST(z) | ||
| Find a z value from a probability p | =NORMSINV(p) | ||